Syntax
if(condition){
//code to be executed
}
Example:
int main () {
int num = 10;
if (num % 2 == 0)
{
cout<<"It is even number";
}
return 0;
}
2.C++ IF-else Statement
The C++ if-else statement also tests the condition. It executes if block if condition is true otherwise else block is executed.
Syntax:
if(condition){
//code if condition is true
}else{
//code if condition is false
}
Code Example
int main () {
int num = 11;
if (num % 2 == 0)
{
cout<<"It is even number";
}
else
{
cout<<"It is odd number";
}
return 0;
}
3.C++ IF-else-if ladder Statement
The C++ if-else-if ladder statement executes one condition from multiple statements.
Syntax
if(condition1){
//code to be executed if condition1 is true
}else if(condition2){
//code to be executed if condition2 is true
}
else if(condition3){
//code to be executed if condition3 is true
}
...
else{
//code to be executed if all the conditions are false
}
Example
int main () {
int num;
cout<<"Enter a number to check grade:";
cin>>num;
if (num <0 || num >100)
{
cout<<"wrong number";
}
else if(num >= 0 && num < 50){
cout<<"Fail";
}
else if (num >= 50 && num < 60)
{
cout<<"D Grade";
}
else if (num >= 60 && num < 70)
{
cout<<"C Grade";
}
else if (num >= 70 && num < 80)
{
cout<<"B Grade";
}
else if (num >= 80 && num < 90)
{
cout<<"A Grade";
}
else if (num >= 90 && num <= 100)
{
cout<<"A+ Grade";
}
}
Output:
Enter a number to check grade:66
C Grade
B. C++ switch
The C++ switch statement executes one statement from multiple conditions. It is like if-else-if ladder statement in C++
Syntax
switch(expression){
case value1:
//code to be executed;
break;
case value2:
//code to be executed;
break;
......
default:
//code to be executed if all cases are not matched;
break;
}
Example
int main () {
int num;
cout<<"Enter a number to check grade:";
cin>>num;
switch (num)
{
case 10: cout<<"It is 10"; break;
case 20: cout<<"It is 20"; break;
case 30: cout<<"It is 30"; break;
default: cout<<"Not 10, 20 or 30"; break;
}
}
Output:
Enter a number:
10
It is 10
C: C++ For Loop
The C++ for loop is used to iterate a part of the program several times. If the number of iteration is fixed, it is recommended to use for loop than while or do-while loops.
Syntax:
for(initialization; condition; incr/decr){
//code to be executed
}
Example
int main() {
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++){
cout<<i <<"\n";
}
}
Output:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
D: C++ While loop
In C++, while loop is used to iterate a part of the program several times. If the number of iteration is not fixed, it is recommended to use while loop than for loop.
Syntax:
while(condition){
//code to be executed
}
Example
int main() {
int i=1;
while(i<=10)
{
cout<<i <<"\n";
i++;
}
}
E: C++ Do-While Loop
The C++ do-while loop is used to iterate a part of the program several times. If the number of iteration is not fixed and you must have to execute the loop at least once, it is recommended to use do-while loop.
The C++ do-while loop is executed at least once because condition is checked after loop body.
Syntax
do{
//code to be executed
}while(condition);
Example
int main() {
int i = 1;
do{
cout<<i<<"\n";
i++;
} while (i <= 10) ;
}
Output:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
F: C++ Break Statement
The C++ break is used to break loop or switch statement. It breaks the current flow of the program at the given condition. In case of inner loop, it breaks only inner loop.
Example
int main() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
{
if (i == 5)
{
break;
}
cout<<i<<"\n";
}
}
Output:
1
2
3
4
G: C++ Continue Statement
The C++ continue statement is used to continue loop. It continues the current flow of the program and skips the remaining code at specified condition. In case of inner loop, it continues only inner loop.The C++ continue statement is used to continue loop. It continues the current flow of the program and skips the remaining code at specified condition. In case of inner loop, it continues only inner loop.
Example
int main()
{
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++){
if(i==5){
continue;
}
cout<<i<<"\n";
}
}
Output:
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
H: C++ Goto Statement
The C++ goto statement is also known as jump statement. It is used to transfer control to the other part of the program. It unconditionally jumps to the specified label.
It can be used to transfer control from deeply nested loop or switch case label.
Example
int main()
{
ineligible:
cout<<"You are not eligible to vote!\n";
cout<<"Enter your age:\n";
int age;
cin>>age;
if (age < 18){
goto ineligible;
}
else
{
cout<<"You are eligible to vote!";
}
}
